Development of biosensor technologies for the determination of genetically modified organisms

In the nearly three decades since genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were first commercialized, genetically modified (GM) crops have gained an advantage over their conventional counterparts. The main traits introduced into commercialized plants are herbicide and pest resistance. The introduction of GM crops into agriculture has led to increased crop productivity. Despite their rapid and widespread introduction, GMOs have raised public concerns about their effects on human health and the environment, leading to consumer concerns about the safety of transgenic foods. The need to monitor and verify the presence of GMOs in crops and foods has sparked interest in developing analytical methods for sensitive, accurate, rapid, and low-cost GMO detection. DNA biosensors (genosensors) have been conceived as a new DNA detection technology that can replace current amplification-based methods that require expensive equipment and highly skilled personnel. This review summarizes a review of a number of studies on the application of gene sensor technology for qualitative and quantitative detection of transgenic traits.