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Interoperability of blockchain networks constitutes a research area with complex challenges around secure execution and submission of cross-chain smart contracts and transactions. Several approaches aim to combine security, heterogeneity and speed with low inter-chain costs during cross-chain communication. This paper proposes a blockchain interoperability protocol for cross-chain transactions that offers established native blockchain security and reduced cross-chain communication times under a pluggable microservices architecture for heterogeneous chains. The proposed protocol leverages the architecture paradigm of service mesh and the decentralized consensus security of the participating blockchains. The protocol introduces the SideMesh component that provides a two-phase locking (2PL) mechanism for state locking of smart contracts, submission of transactions and interfaces for on-chain transaction lifecycle, and the Mesher component, an off-chain Hyperledger Firefly Supernode that orchestrates event-based interactions between the participating networks of a cross-chain transaction. The protocol uses a compute and storage separation architecture that securely stores cross-chain metadata on-chain, rather than leveraging relay chains, and coordinates blockchain interactions off-chain through events that are confirmed on-chain.
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Kapsoulis et al. (2026) studied this question.
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