Real-World Investigation on Anticoagulation Management Before and After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Japan　― Periprocedural and Long-Term Outcomes ―

BACKGROUND: Optimal periprocedural oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy before catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and the safety profile of OAC discontinuation during the remote period (from 31 days and up to 1 year after CA) have not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The RYOUMA registry is a prospective multicenter observational study of Japanese patients who underwent CA for AF in 2017-2018. Of the 3,072 patients, 82.3% received minimally interrupted direct-acting OACs (DOACs) and 10.2% received uninterrupted DOACs. Both uninterrupted and minimally interrupted DOACs were associated with an extremely low thromboembolic event rate. Female, long-standing persistent AF, low creatinine clearance, hepatic disorder, and high intraprocedural heparin dose were independent factors associated with periprocedural major bleeding. At 1 year after CA, DOAC was continued in 55.9% of patients and warfarin in 56.4%. The incidence of thromboembolic and major bleeding events for 1 year was 0.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Age ≥73 years, dementia, and AF recurrence were independently associated with major bleeding events. Univariate analyses revealed that warfarin continuation and off-label overdose of DOACs were risk factors for major bleeding after CA. CONCLUSIONS: High intraprocedural dose of heparin was associated with periprocedural major bleeding events. At 1 year after CA, over half of the patients had continued OAC therapy. Thromboembolic events were extremely low; however, major bleeding occurred in 1.2%. Age ≥73 years, dementia, and AF recurrence were independently associated with major bleeding after CA.