Optical fiber chemo and biosensors operating in the electrochemical domain – A review

This review comprehensively outlines the latest developments in dual-domain biosensing solutions that integrate optical and electrochemical approaches, explicitly focusing on optical fiber-based technologies. The integration of optical and electrochemical domains in chemo and biosensing is gaining increasing attention due to its significant advantages. The review explores the application of these opto-electrochemical methods across various fields, including medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. It encompasses an array of techniques such as spectroelectrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance, lossy mode resonance, long-period fiber gratings, and interferometry. Additionally, the review delves into critical aspects of sensor design, particularly emphasizing the adaptation of these sensors for multi-domain sensing. The discussion aims to clearly explain how these integrated technologies can lead to advancements in chemo and biosensing.