Dietary Fat, Sugar Consumption, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Fatty Acid Consumption and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Total fat consumption was associated with improved peak oxygen consumption (Vo2) (A, B). Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) consumption in grams (C, E) and in percentage of total calories (D, F) was associated with greater peak Vo2. Unsaturated fat (UFA) consumption (cumulative MUFA and PUFA) (G, H) and saturated fat (SFA) consumption presented a significant positive correlation with peak Vo2(I, J).

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  Figure 2. Fatty Acid Consumption and Myocardial Relaxation in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Unsaturated fat (UFA) consumption (cumulative monounsaturated fat [MUFA] and polyunsaturated fat [PUFA]) were associated with higher E′ (A), lower deceleration time (DT) (C), and higher E′/DT ratio (E). Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were associated with higher E′ (B) and higher E′/DT (F), but not with DT (D).

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  Figure 3. Fatty Acid Consumption and Body Composition in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) consumption is associated with higher fat-free mass (FFM) (A) and with higher FFM/fat mass (FM) index (C). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) did not correlate with body composition compartments (B, D).

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  Figure 4. Diet Modulates Cardiac Function in Mice Mice fed a Western diet and a high–saturated fatty acids (SFAs) diet presented higher body weight (B), despite similar caloric intake (A) compared with standard diet and compared with high–unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) diet. Western diet and high-SFA diet-fed mice presented diastolic dysfunction (C, D) after 8 weeks. High-UFA-fed mice presented preserved cardiac diastolic function, which was not different compared with standard diet.

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  Figure 5. Potential Role of Diet on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Diet can have detrimental (red arrows) or beneficial (green arrows) effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A diet low in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and high sugars may contribute to worsening CRF (red arrows). Conversely, a diet rich in MUFAs and PUFAs and low in sugars may exert beneficial effects in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by increasing CRF through improvements in myocardial relaxation and body composition (green arrows).