Kaempferol inhibited VEGF and PGF expression and in vitro angiogenesis of HRECs under diabetic-like environment

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Effect of high glucose (25 mM) for 12, 24, or 48 h on mRNA expression levels of (A) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and (C) placenta growth factor (PGF) expression in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs measured by qRT-PCR. Protein concentrations of VEGF (B) and PGF (D) in the media were measured by ELISA. Data are reported as means±SD (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared to control (con) groups (one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test).

• 

  Figure 2. Effect of kaempferol in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) angiogenesis induced by high glucose (25 mM) alone or high glucose plus 2 concentrations of kaempferol (5 and 25 µM) for 24 h. A, HREC proliferation ability measured by CCK-8 assay. B, HREC invasion ability measured by cell invasion assay. C, HREC migration ability measured by wound scratching assay. D, HREC tube formation determined by Matrigel assay. Data are reported as means±SD (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared to 5 mM; #P<0.05 compared to 25 mM group (one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test).

• 

  Figure 3. Effect of kaempferol on the mRNA expression level of (A) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and (C) placenta growth factor (PGF) in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) treated with high glucose (25 mM) alone or high glucose plus kaempferol (25 µM) for 24 h by qRT-PCR. Protein concentrations of VEGF (B) and PGF (D) in the media were measured by ELISA. Data are reported as means±SD (n=3). *P<0.05 compared to 5 mM; #P<0.05 compared to 25 mM (one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test).

• 

  Figure 4. Effects of kaempferol on high glucose-induced PI3K expression and Erk1/2, Src, and AKT1 activation. After human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were treated with high glucose (25 mM) alone or high glucose plus kaempferol (25 µM) for 24 h, the protein levels of PI3K (A), Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2 (B), Src, p-Scr (C), AKT1, and p-AKT1 (D) were determined by western blot. Data are reported as means±SD (n=3). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared to 5 mM. #P<0.05, # #P<0.01 compared to 25 mM (one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test).