Visual Acuity Apps for Rapid Integration in Teleconsultation Services in all Resource Settings: A Review

PURPOSE: There is a need for a simple and accurate way to assess visual acuity in telemedicine consultations in ophthalmology and other related specialties. DESIGN: We surveyed visual acuity testing apps available that allow patients to measure their own acuity, focusing on freely accessible resources suitable for all resource settings. METHODS: A systematic search was performed for visual acuity testing apps on 2 major platforms: Google Play Store (Google, CA, USA) and Apple App Store (Apple, CA, USA). RESULTS: Sixteen apps (67%) tested near vision, 5 apps (21%) tested distance vision, and 3 apps (13%) offered options for both near and distance vision testing. Of the 24 apps, 5 (21%) offered a method of calibration of optotype size. Three apps (13%) demonstrated evidence of clinical validation. Only 3 apps fulfilled our criteria for suitability for clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: We have recommended 3 apps that may be quickly integrated into clinical practice in both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic all resource settings.