This paper deals with the design of energy management strategy (EMS) for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). It discusses the design options including power, energy, and operating strategy as they relate to the energy storage system. The studied HESS is composed of battery/ultracapacitor (BAT/UC) system allowing increasing both the power capability and the energy capacity of FCHV. In order to describe the system and organize his control structure, the EMR concept is used, which is well adapted for multiphysics complex systems. EMS has been designed to control the power flow between sources and traction load, and to ensure local protections. It is based on power splitting technique in the frequency domain allowing a natural dynamics control without slop limitation to provide any load demand and to satisfy the sources inherent characteristics: FC, BAT and UC voltage and current limits are considered, as well as slow FC dynamics and HESS state of charge (SOC). Simulation results are presented to check the theoretical analysis, ensure that the system well operates under difference load conditions and demonstrate the robustness and stability of the control strategy with good tracking response.
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Azib et al. (2014) studied this question.