Appraisal of near-field solutions for a Hertzian dipole over a conducting half-space

Various approximations to the exact formal integral representations of the near-field and the impedance are considered. A new approximate form is obtained which appears to be valid even when the dipole is near a poorly conducting earth. Numerical comparisons with the exact integral formula verify some of the conjectures. The result shows that the ground has a significant influence on the input impedance of the dipole, particularly for low heights.