Experimental Investigation of Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer to TiO₂/R141b Nanorefrigerant

Heat transfer in two-phase flow boiling of a dilute mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles in R141b base fluid in a smooth tube is investigated experimentally. Examining the obtained results reveals that enhancement of the convective heat transfer coefficient for the particle volume fractions of 0.01% and 0.03% in comparison with pure R141b is more pronounced for a higher volume fraction. The measured data also show that at higher vapor qualities, the improvement in heat transfer coefficient is greater. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient decreases substantially with mass flux while an increase in saturation temperature leads to an improvement in this coefficient.