Nanotechnology meets liver cancer: liposomal immunotherapy strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common and aggressive liver cancer, frequently manifests at an advanced stage, restricting the effectiveness of standard treatments. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, particularly in liposome-based delivery systems, offer promising approaches to enhance treatment efficacy and immunological regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AREAS COVERED: This study emphasizes the diverse functions of liposomes in augmenting drug solubility, targeting neoplastic tissues, increasing immunological responses, and surmounting biological barriers. It investigates the synergy of liposomal platforms and immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, and their incorporation with locoregional treatments for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EXPERT OPINION: Liposomes are a revolutionary approach in cancer immunotherapy. Innovations like PEGylation, surface ligand modification, and dual-drug encapsulation have significantly enhanced treatment outcomes in preclinical and early clinical contexts. Advancements, especially in patient-specific and stimuli-responsive systems, may transform the future of HCC care.