values, great proline accumulation, and elevated concentrations of Mn, Cu, and Zn in leaves manifested adaptive drought-tolerance strategy. Three-factor ANOVA confirmed significant contributions of genotype, water regime and stress duration to the development of most traits, revealing divergent physiological trajectories underlying similar agronomic outcomes. These findings demonstrate that comparable yield stability can arise from fundamentally different mechanisms of drought resistance and highlight the importance of integrating physiological, biochemical, and photochemical markers into breeding programs. Such insight supports more targeted maize improvement and the development of maize hybrids with predictable resilience to increasingly variable climatic conditions.
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Satarova et al. (2026) studied this question.
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