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This article provides an overview of the economic literature regarding the impact of firms’ position in global value chains on workers’ wages and the gender pay gap. Particular attention is devoted to empirical results obtained for the Belgian economy. The latter suggest that workers earn significantly higher wages when employed in relatively more upstream firms. Nevertheless, such gains are found to be very unequally shared. Male top-earners are the main beneficiaries, whereas women, irrespective of their earnings, appear to be unfairly rewarded.
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Gagliardi et al. (2020) studied this question.
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