Research Progress on FGF1-Mediated STFS in Skin Wound Repair

Skin wound repair remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine, particularly for chronic wounds requiring sustained bioactive regulation and intelligent therapeutic intervention. Recent advances in smart textile fiber scaffolds (STFS) have provided versatile platforms for localized drug delivery and responsive biomedical applications, with increasing relevance to wearable sensing and electromagnetic-assisted healthcare systems. This review systematically summarizes the biological functions of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in inflammation modulation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial regeneration, while discussing recent progress in STFS design, including material selection, hierarchical architectures, and FGF1 loading and controlled-release strategies. Particular attention is given to the synergistic interactions between scaffold biomimicry and growth factor delivery, highlighting how structural optimization and smart release mechanisms improve microenvironment regulation and tissue regeneration. Current advances in covalent immobilization, heparin-mediated specific binding, and stimulus-responsive release systems are critically evaluated together with their limitations and future prospects. By integrating functional textile engineering with precision drug delivery, FGF1-mediated STFS provide a promising platform for next-generation wound dressings and offer valuable insights for intelligent biomedical devices, wearable sensing technologies, and electromagnetic-responsive therapeutic systems that require reliable signal interaction and adaptive material functionality.