Qualitative review reveals negative associations between paternal phthalate exposure and couples' pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need to investigate sperm epigenetics.
Key Points
To review human epidemiological literature examining associations between paternal preconception exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and couples' pregnancy outcomes.
Qualitative review of published human studies assessing biomarker-based paternal exposure to various endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
Evaluated environmental chemicals including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, benzophenones, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and flame retardants.
Biomarker-based evidence links paternal preconception exposure to specific phthalates with negative effects on couples' pregnancy outcomes.
Studies investigating paternal bisphenol A and paraben exposures demonstrated little to no clear association with pregnancy outcomes.
Human data regarding paternal exposure to benzophenones, PFAS, and flame-retardant chemicals remain sparse and inconclusive.