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August 16, 2026The Anthropocene ReviewOpen Access

Human evolution understood within the Anthropocene conceptual framework

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Authors

MMMark MaslinUniversity College LondonPKPeter C. KjærgaardAarhus University

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Overview

Conceptual analysis models biological and cultural transitions across five societal stages, highlighting how human evolutionary history shaped the Anthropocene.

Key Points

  • To synthesize two million years of human biological, cultural, and technological evolution within the Anthropocene framework to explain global planetary transformation.
  • Categorized human historical evolution across five distinct societal stages: Hunter-gathering, Agriculturalism, Mercantile Capitalism, Industrial Capitalism, and Consumer Capitalism.
  • Mapped transitions in biological traits, energy production methods, and technological developments over the past two million years.
  • Demonstrated that contextualizing human evolution within the Anthropocene framework explains how an African hominin evolved the capacity to alter Earth's biosphere, oceans, and atmosphere.
  • Established a conceptual model to assess how emerging interventions in genetics, healthcare, and artificial intelligence will influence future human cognition and biology.

Cite This Study

Maslin et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a817980f2fb91fc834acb8ahttps://doi.org/10.1177/20530196261472909
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