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August 16, 2026Annual Review of Environment and ResourcesOpen Access

Drought: Impacts, Prevention, and Adaptation Options Across Scales

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Authors

EAErmias AyenkuluGSGudeta W. SileshiCWCharles N. Wamucii

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Overview

Review reveals cascading biophysical and socioeconomic impacts across interconnected social-ecological systems, highlighting the need for multi-sector governance to restore resilience.

Key Points

  • To synthesize scientific advances regarding the biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of drought across temporal scales and subsystem typologies, while evaluating strategies for prevention and adaptation.
  • Narrative synthesis of scientific literature on drought dynamics, vulnerability drivers, and adaptive responses.
  • Categorization of impacts across multiple drought typologies (meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, ecological, and socioeconomic) and timescales ranging from seasonal to multi-year climatic events.
  • Drought unleashes cascading disruptions across land, water, biodiversity, climate, and human systems when expected water availability is unmet.
  • Vulnerability to drought is significantly intensified by the degradation of natural ecological buffers, governance failures, and incoherent sectoral policies.
  • Achieving long-term drought resilience requires coordinated, cross-scale interventions across institutions to rebuild ecological and social buffers.

Cite This Study

Ayenkulu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8179eff2fb91fc834ad730https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-121124-045547
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Review article: Drought as a continuum: memory effects in interlinked hydrological, ecological, and social systems2024 · 12 citations
  2. 2Review article: Drought as a continuum – memory effects in interlinked hydrological, ecological, and social systems2024 · 15 citations
  3. 3Research Advances and Emerging Challenges in Various Types of Drought Monitoring: An Integrative Review2026
  4. 4A Century of Drought Research (1900–2023): Scientific Developments, Methodological Innovations, and Emerging Frontiers2026 · 20 citations
  5. 5Drought impacts on grassland vegetation: integrating ecological and social-ecological perspectives2026