Theoretical analysis proves that classical elliptic pseudodifferential operators cannot yield Riemann zeta zero ordinates as eigenvalues, highlighting fundamental asymptotic discrepancies.
We prove two spectral exclusion results showing that no operator in a natural geometric class can have its eigenvalue multiset equal to {gamma_n}, the positive ordinates of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Theorem D: No positive classical elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order m > 0 on any closed smooth manifold of dimension d >= 1 has eigenvalue multiset {gamma_n}. The Weyl counting law forces a pure-power leading term N_H(T) ~ C_H * T^(d/m) in the eigenvalue counting function, while the zero-ordinate heat sum satisfies Z_zeta(t) ~ (1/(2*pi)) * t^(-1) * log(1/t) as t -> 0+, which has an unavoidable logarithmic factor incompatible with any pure-power Weyl law. Theorem D': The exclusion extends to the class C_sub of operators whose symbol has a classical positive elliptic principal part and strictly lower-order log-polyhomogeneous corrections (in the sense of Lesch 1999), via a min-max squeeze argument comparing heat-trace asymptotics. Both results are unconditional; neither assumes nor concludes the Riemann Hypothesis. The paper also includes a non-elliptic escape example showing the class boundary is sharp, and an open problem section on symbol classes whose counting law could match T*log(T).
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Tao Lin (2026) studied this question.
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