Research on Modular Interior Art Design and Spatial Utilization Improvement Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms

Modular interior design increasingly requires the simultaneous improvement of spatial efficiency, f unctional p erformance, a nd a rtistic q uality. I n s mart-building e nvironments, i nterior layouts also influence indoor electromagnetic wave propagation, wireless-sensor placement, and antenna-network coverage, making quantitative layout optimization relevant to engineering design as well as spatial art practice. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization framework for modular interior art design and spatial utilization improvement. A parametric module system was constructed to describe geometric, material, and visual attributes, and a dual-objective optimization model was developed to maximize both spatial utilization and an integrated artistic evaluation index. An improved NSGA-II algorithm was applied to generate Pareto-optimal solutions, and TOPSIS was used to rank candidate schemes under different preference settings. The results show that the top balanced solution achieved a composite score of 0.871, while deviation from verified real-world projects remained within 2.1%. Mean spatial utilization increased from 58.6% to 80.1%, and all artistic evaluation dimensions exceeded the acceptable threshold. The findings indicate that, within the spatial utilization range of 0.55–0.75, artistic and spatial objectives can reach a favorable trade-off and partial synergy.