Restructuring of the Accounting System under the Background of New Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of ESG-Oriented Financial Performance Evaluation and Value Management Path

In response to the increasing demand for sustainable development under the framework of new-quality productivity, this study proposes an ESG-oriented financial performance evaluation and value management framework. Using panel data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing enterprises during 2018–2023, principal component analysis is employed to construct ESG composite indicators, while multiple regression and mediation-effect models are adopted to examine the influence of ESG performance on financial outcomes. The results show that a one-standard-deviation increase in ESG score raises return on equity by 2.34 percentage points, with the environmental dimension contributing 41.3% to long-term value creation. Technological innovation investment is identified as a significant mediating mechanism linking ESG performance and corporate value enhancement. By integrating multi-dimensional indicator fusion, quantitative evaluation, and data-driven decision analysis, the proposed framework improves accounting-system restructuring and resource-allocation efficiency. The study further provides methodological support for complex information evaluation, intelligent decision transmission, and networked management systems, offering useful insights for sustainable industrial development in data-intensive environments.