Why Should P-Values Be Abandoned in Scientific Research?

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the two-sample one-tailed _z_-test and the _p_-value it generates. We reveal the true _p_-value and its meaning, demonstrate that the usual _p_-value (i.e. the _p_-value we obtain in practice) is merely an estimate of the true _p_-value, and derive the theoretical distribution and coverage interval of the usual _p_-value. Our findings highlight the inherent limitations of _p_-values and support the argument that their use should be abandoned in scientific research.