Introduction to the Special Issue on AI, Decision-Making, and the Impact on Humans

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly making decisions and supporting human decisions. Both autonomous systems and algorithm-in-the-loop decision-support systems use AI algorithms and data-driven models to provide or deny access to credit, healthcare, and other essential resources while steering life-changing decisions related to criminal justice, education, and transportation, among others. These systems are often built without taking into account the human factors associated with their use. The models are often opaque, the recommendations too difficult to interpret, and the systems unaware of the values and consequences of their calculations. This special issue emerged from a worldwide effort to establish priorities for human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) (Ozmen Garibay et al., 2023). It brings forward AI research that places humans first in the design of decisionmaking and decision-support systems. We are pleased to present a selection of papers that study human factors in decision-making systems, AI techniques to support humancentered decision-making, and case studies in incorporating HCAI principles into algorithmic decision-making and decision-support systems.