The activated or catalyzed surface conditions for initiating electroless metal deposition were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction analysis. Four mixed catalysts, including two commercial samples, and five accelerators ( , , , , and ) were used in this study. The acceleration with gave the finest remaining particles which were almost bare active nuclei, while the acceleration with ammonate group ( and ) coagulated small particles to produce high density particles. The electron diffraction patterns after activation, for the catalysts prepared in our laboratory, showed amorphous broad diffraction rings which were explained as fcc structure, while for the commercial catalysts, they showed relatively sharp and netlike profiles which could be attributed to orthorhombic structure. The electron diffraction patterns after acceleration with became the sharper profiles of fcc structure, however in the case of ammonate group, they showed the complicated profiles of non‐fcc structure. Finally the catalytically active sites or nuclei are discussed.
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Ōsaka et al. (1980) studied this question.