Sintesis Senyawa Metabolit Oleh Mikrobiota Saluran Cerna Dan Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (Masld): Tinjauan Pada Scfa Dan Bcaa

ABSTRACTMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affects more than one-third of the adult population and over ten percent of children. The global prevalence of MASLD is estimated to range from 32% to 37.3%, with higher prevalence in men and individuals with obesity. The pathophysiology of MASLD is highly complex, starting with excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ending with disruptions in the gut-microbiota-liver axis. In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognized as a major regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism, with microbiota imbalance affecting liver metabolism, adipose tissue, and muscle. Components of the microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), play a crucial role in the gut-host-microbiome metabolic axis and the development of MASLD. This review discusses the relationship between microbiota-related metabolites detected through metabolomics, as well as the potential role of SCFAs and BCAAs as biomarkers for early detection of MASLD.Keyword : Microbiota; metabolite; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); short-chain fatty acids (SCFA); branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ABSTRAKMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), sebelumnya dikenal sebagai non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mempengaruhi lebih dari sepertiga populasi dewasa dan lebih dari sepuluh persen anak-anak. Prevalensi MASLD diperkirakan mencapai 32% hingga 37,3% secara global, dengan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dan individu dengan obesitas. Patofisiologi MASLD sangat kompleks, dimulai dengan akumulasi lipid berlebihan di hati, stres oksidatif, disfungsi mitokondria, dan berakhir pada gangguan microbiota-gut-liver-axis. Dalam 10 tahun terakhir, mikrobiota saluran cerna telah dikenali sebagai pengatur utama homeostasis energi dan metabolisme, dengan ketidakseimbangan mikrobiota yang mempengaruhi metabolisme hati, jaringan adiposa, dan otot. Komponen metabolit mikrobiota, seperti asam lemak rantai pendek atau short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) dan asam amino rantai cabang atau branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), berperan penting dalam jalur gut host-microbiome metabolic axis dan perkembangan MASLD. Ulasan ini membahas hubungan antara metabolit terkait mikrobiota yang terdeteksi melalui metabolomik, serta peran SCFA dan BCAA sebagai biomarker potensial dalam deteksi dini MASLD.