Controllable Energy Release of Boron@Tannic Acid@Ammonium Perchlorate Energetic Microunits Governed by Cu Single Atoms

Controllable energy release in solid propellants has always been a challenging technology, and extensive efforts have been devoted to the synthesis and application of catalysts to achieve its controllable release. In this study, tannic acid (TA) and its complexes (TA‐Cu) were introduced into boron@ammonium perchlorate (B@AP) composites using in situ self‐assembly technique, and the core–shell‐structured B@TA (TA‐Cu x )@AP composites with controllable energy release characteristics were prepared. The TA layer enhanced the combustion performance and energy output of B‐based composites by promoting close contact between B and AP, with the pressurization rate of 9.276 MPa s −1 and the light intensity of 3.797. It can also facilitate the rapid release of energy, thus meeting the needs of high‐performance propellants. In addition, the performance of B‐based composites was regulated using Cu single atoms, which facilitated their stable and efficient release with a pressurization rate of 2.905 MPa s −1 , a light intensity of 2.345, and an ignition delay time of 0.576 s, as well as a long combustion duration and a low flame growth rate. Furthermore, Cu single atoms with high catalytic activity in the TA‐Cu interfacial layer also effectively improve the thermal decomposition and combustion performance of B@AP and its heat of explosion, thus realizing its fast and efficient ignition characteristics and controllable combustion performance. It is also expected to provide long‐lasting thrust for long‐range rockets and cruise missiles. Foreseeably, the present study was able to regulate the properties of the B‐based composites by simply adjusting the ion content, thus meeting the demands of various burning rates.