Anti-hypertensive Function of Plant-derived Bioactive Peptides: A Review

Hypertension is considered to be a crucial factor in the development of chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Several conventional medications are frequently used to manage hypertension. However, they have certain adverse effects that limit their use. Therefore, alternative medications, including bioactive peptides, could be valuable in managing CVD because they are safer, less expensive, and more effective. In light of this, this article aimed to explore the potential application of plantderived peptides for their efficient role in ameliorating hypertension. In particular, the authors summarise the current understanding of the anti-hypertensive function of plant-derived bioactive peptides, focusing on the source, isolation technique, purification process, and potential CVD applications. The potential antihypertensive peptides are highlighted in particular, and their molecular mechanisms, such as ACE inhibition, renin inhibition, and CCB blockers, are highlighted in terms of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. Recent literature evidence revealed that plant peptides with low molecular weight show better potential for inhibiting ACE and renin. Moreover, the molecular structure, solubility, and types of amino acids play an important role in determining antihypertensive activity. This review will improve the understanding of plant-derived bioactive peptides and provide some constructive inspiration for further research and industrial application in cardiovascular disorders.