Key result
Habitual aerobic exercise in middle-aged and older adults was associated with significantly lower resting brachial artery retrograde shear (-2.0 vs -5.2 s-1) and oscillatory shear compared to sedentary controls.
Why the study?
Does habitual aerobic exercise improve brachial artery retrograde and oscillatory shear at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in healthy middle-aged and older adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=15)
No
Does habitual aerobic exercise improve brachial artery retrograde and oscillatory shear at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in healthy middle-aged and older adults?
Habitual aerobic exercise is associated with lower pro-atherogenic retrograde and oscillatory shear in the brachial artery of middle-aged and older adults, potentially mediated by attenuated basal sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports potential vascular benefits of aerobic exercise; leaves open causal effects on atherosclerosis in cross-sectional data.
Retrograde and oscillatory shear can induce profound pro-atherogenic effects on endothelial cells, and increase with advancing age in peripheral conduit arteries. Habitual aerobic exercise ameliorates conduit artery retrograde and oscillatory shear in middle-aged and older adults; however, the mechanisms underlying the change in conduit artery shear rate patterns caused by habitual aerobic exercise remains unclear. This study investigated the role of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone in the habitual aerobic exercise-induced change in conduit artery shear in middle-aged and older adults. Fifteen healthy middle-aged and older adults (aged 52-67 years; 4 men, 11 women) were divided into physically-active and sedentary control groups, based on reported exercise history. We measured brachial artery shear rate patterns at rest and during sympathetic nerve activity stimulation (via lower body negative pressure [LBNP] at -20 mmHg). At rest, the physically-active group showed smaller brachial artery retrograde and oscillatory shear compared to a sedentary control group (p < 0.05). The levels of brachial retrograde and oscillatory shear were elevated by the LBNP stimulation in the physically active group (p < 0.05), but not in the sedentary control group. Our results suggest that the attenuated basal sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone may contribute to the habitual aerobic exercise-induced decreases in conduit artery retrograde and oscillatory shear at rest in middle-aged and older adults.
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Tanahashi et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=15). Habitual aerobic exercise vs. Sedentary control group was evaluated on Brachial artery retrograde shear rate at rest (p=<0.05). Habitual aerobic exercise in middle-aged and older adults was associated with significantly lower resting brachial artery retrograde shear (-2.0 vs -5.2 s-1) and oscillatory shear compared to sedentary controls.
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