A cryostat for the measurement of electrical properties of thermoelectric materials under isothermal conditions is described. Special care was taken to eliminate the thermal gradients resulting from the sink heater by damping them in the sample chamber by means of an ambient gas at atmospheric pressure and a suitable design of the vessels and the heater. Also, the longitudinal Peltier gradient inherent to the current flow in the sample as well as that due to different Joule heating at the contacts is eliminated by heating the cold end of the sample with a small electrical resistor.
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Issi et al. (1971) studied this question.
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