Quinoxaline-containing poly(4,5-ethylene-2,7-carbazole) (PECz-DTQx) shows a high efficiency of 6.07% in solar cells with a PFN/Al bilayer cathode. This is higher than the efficiency achieved with sole Al (3.99%) or with Ca/Al (4.52%) cathodes. A bilayer cathode could be valuable in device configurations to achieve high efficiency in combination with a high-performance polymer donor.
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He et al. (2011) studied this question.
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