Key result
TyG index outperforms HOMA-IR for predicting type 2 diabetes with ~0.83 AUC.
Why the study?
Does the TyG index predict T2DM better than HOMA-IR in a Yemeni population?
Cross-Sectional (n=215)
No
Does the TyG index predict T2DM better than HOMA-IR in a Yemeni population?
The TyG index is a more robust, accessible, and cost-effective surrogate biomarker for predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus than HOMA-IR.
Insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because only triglyceride levels and fasting blood glucose are required to measure the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and the insulin test, which is used in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculation, is costly and unavailable in the majority of laboratories in the cities of developing countries. Thus, the goal of our study was compared the predictive power of HOMA-IR and the TyG index for assessing IR, as well as the incidence and prevalence of T2DM. Methods: From January 2025 to July 2025, a cross-sectional study was carried out at Aulaqi Specialized Med. Lab. Several risk factors were evaluated among 215 participants, 110 of whom had T2DM and 105 of whom without diabetes. The following analysis data were collected; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HBA1c, C-peptide, TyG index and HOMA-IR. The results of the statistical test were considered significant if the P value>0.05. Results: The T2DM participants had higher mean TyG index (4.87 ± 0.32 vs. 4.66 ± 0.31, P<0.001) and HOMA-IR (3.07 ± 1.99 vs. 2.32 ± 1.07, P=0.001) values than non-diabetes. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the TyG index demonstrated a better performance [area under the curve (AUC) 0.832), with 76.7% sensitivity and 73.8% specificity] in predicting T2DM compared to HOMA-IR (AUC 0.700), which had 67.0% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity (P<0.001). Conclusion: The TyG index correlates with HOMA-IR and outperforms it in terms of T2DM detection and prediction, furthermore, the TyG index regarded as useful and valuable surrogate for estimating IR and for predicting T2DM in individuals who appear to be healthy.
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Hajar et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=215). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index vs. HOMA-IR was evaluated on Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Area under the curve) (p=<0.001). The TyG index demonstrated better performance in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to HOMA-IR (AUC 0.832 vs 0.700; P<0.001).
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