type of increasing improvement, we do not discard saline or Ringer's lactate.Saline is still being used for volume replacement in dialysis and in other situations.Furthermore, one does not add colloids to Ringer's lactate all the time.Indeed, Ringer's lactate is used by itself most of the time and colloid is only needed in some special situations.In the case of blood substitutes, we now have a number of
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Thomas Ming Swi Chang (1997) studied this question.
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