Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of left ventricular aneurysm formation among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Introduction The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has been closely associated with a range of cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between the TyG index and left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) formation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. Methods This study recruited 551 patients in the first cohort and 471 patients in the validation cohort. To determine the independent risk factors associated with LVA formation, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The predictive capability of both the TyG index and the composite variable for LVA formation was evaluated through the use of ROC curve analysis. Results The prevalence of LVA was found to be 14.5% in the first cohort and 13.6% in the validation cohort. In both cohorts, a higher TyG index correlated with an increased incidence of LVA (20.5% vs. 8.0%, P < 0.001 in the first cohort; 18.4% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.002 in the validation cohort). The TyG index was consistently elevated in the LVA group in comparison to those without LVA (9.3 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.9, P < 0.001 in the first cohort; 9.4 ± 0.7 vs. 9.0 ± 0.7, P < 0.001 in the validation cohort). Analysis using multivariable logistic regression showed that an independent relationship exists between the TyG index and the risk of LVA in both the first (OR = 4.2, P = 0.004) and validation (OR = 2.11, P = 0.008) cohorts. The applicability of the TyG index in predicting LVA had C statistics of 0.736 for the first cohort and 0.738 for the validation cohort, which surpassed those of triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose. The composite variable consisting of the TyG index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left anterior descending artery (LAD) as the culprit vessel significantly improved the discriminant power (C statistic = 0.913 in the first cohort and 0.89 in the validation cohort). Discussion A higher TyG index was independently linked to the development of LVA in patients with acute STEMI who received primary PCI.