Bound through S–Au bonds, multidentate macrocyclic porphyrin thioester derivatives densely protect Au nanoparticles in a face-coordination fashion (see picture) to form quite stable Au0 porphyrins. The spectroscopic Soret-band intensity can be tuned by the distance between the porphyrin ring and the Au surface.
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Kanehara et al. (2007) studied this question.
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