Architecting the resilient, transparent, and eco-conscious supply chain: Integrating advanced technologies for agility and risk management

This research addresses the critical need for timely and transparent responses in supply chain management, focusing on the design of Resilient, Transparent, and Eco-Conscious Supply Chain Networks (RTE-CSCND). In the face of global infectious disease threats, healthcare and pharmaceutical managers must operate quickly and transparently. This study investigates the design of a RTE-CSCND encompassing manufacturers, warehouses, distributors, and customers. We introduce a novel optimization approach resilient to uncertainties, employing a cutting-edge methodology incorporating risk criteria and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) to bolster network performance against uncertainty, risk-induced disruptions, and demand volatility. Furthermore, this research integrates the principles of transparency and traceability, sustainability, and resilience into the RTE-CSCND framework. This integration includes the application of Blockchain Technology (BCT) and the Internet of Things (IoT), alongside flexible capacity, CO2 emissions control, and energy management strategies. Notably, this work represents the first application of BCT and IoT within a RTE-CSCND context. The findings reveal that adopting transparent models yields a reduction in the cost function of approximately 0.199% compared to scenarios lacking transparency. Additionally, increasing the conservatism coefficient and the confidence level leads to an upward trend in the cost function.