In primary single Norovirus infections in infants, serum IgG responses are strong and long-lasting against the homologous type, while IgM and IgA responses are specific but shorter-lived or lower in titer.
Type-specific durable IgG after primary infant norovirus infection; hypothesis-generating for vaccines, requires confirmation in larger cohorts.
In 2 infants with gastroenteritis associated with Norovirus (NoV), serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, IgA, and fecal IgA antibody responses against NoV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 11 different antigenic and genetic types of NoV virus-like particles expressed in insect cells. These two cases were putative primary single NoV infections, because antibodies against NoVs were not detected in acute-phase serums. In one of two cases, long-term excretion of virus RNA for 33 days was observed. Serum IgG responses demonstrated strong seroresponse to the homologous type, and weak seroresponse to the heterologous types within the genogroup. After more than 2 years, the IgG antibody titer remained high to the homologous type and low to the heterologous type within the genogroup. IgM and IgA were specific to the homologous type. IgM was short lived and the serum IgA antibody titer remained low to the homologous type for a long period. These results improve our understanding of the humoral immune response to NoV infection.
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Iritani et al. (2007) studied this question.
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