Promoter Regulatory Elements and DNase I-hypersensitive Sites Involved in Serglycin Proteoglycan Gene Expression in Human Erythroleukemia, CHRF 288-11, and HL-60 Cells

We have compared regulation of the serglycin gene in human erythroleukemia (HEL) and CHRF 288-11 cells, which have megakaryocytic characteristics, with promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Deletion constructs were prepared from the region -1123/+42 to -20/+42, and putative regulatory sites were mutated. In all three cell lines, the two major regulatory elements for constitutive expression were the (-80)ets site and the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) half-site at -70. A protein from HEL and CHRF, but not HL60, nuclear extracts bound to the (-80)ets site. Another protein from all three cell lines bound to the (-70)CRE. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) increased expression of the reporter in HEL cells 2.5-3- and 4.5-fold, respectively, from all constructs except those with (-70)CRE mutations. PMA virtually eliminated expression of serglycin mRNA and promoter constructs, but dbcAMP increased expression in HL-60 cells. The effects of PMA and dbcAMP on promoter expression correlated with mRNA expression. The strengths of two DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the 5'-flanking region and the first intron in all three cells correlated with relative endogenous serglycin mRNA expression. An additional DNase I-hypersensitive site in HL60 DNA in the first intron may be related to the high serglycin expression in HL60 relative to HEL or CHRF cells.