An approximate model is used to predict properties in the current range from 100 to 500 A. Calculations show that a high value of current density at the cathode produces a narrow plasma jet of high central velocity. The overall arc properties such as column voltage drop and axial mass flow rate are insensitive to cathode current density. Calculated results for arc columns in argon, nitrogen and hydrogen are presented.
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Ramakrishnan et al. (1980) studied this question.
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