Pulmonary Complications After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic modality for several benign and malignant disorders; however, it is still limited by the development of serious complications. Pulmonary complications are common after both autologous and allogeneic HSCTs with a wide range of infectious and noninfectious disorders. Advances in the prophylaxis and the treatment of infectious pulmonary complications have decreased their incidence although they continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the frequency of noninfectious pulmonary complications associated with HSCT remains unchanged. It is important for the clinician caring for HSCT patients to be familiar with the pulmonary manifestations after HSCT. This report provides an updated review on the pulmonary complications after HSCT, including their incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. It also provides an overview of the diagnostic approach to these complications.