Ischemic Heart Disease and Lipids in Blood and Diet

INTRODUCTION... . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ISS SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 157 DIET AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Comparisons Among Communities .. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . .. .. :.... . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 159 Comparisons Among Individuals Within Communities 161 DIET AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE ..... . . . .... . .. .... 165 Comparisons Among Communities 165 Comparisons Among Individuals Within Communities .. ...... 165 EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS OF DIET MODIFICATION ........ . . . . . . . . . . 168 More-or-Less Controlled Experiments 170 Controlled Experiments Allocating Individuals Randomly . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 171 Controlled Experiments Allocating Groups 174 Other Experiments ; . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... 175 INTERPRETATIONS OF THE EVIDENCE . . . . . . . 176 The Official Word 176 The Individual Heavies . . .. . . . 178 CONCLUSIONS 179