The authors present results of the demonstration of laser oscillation in a Z-propagation Ti-diffused waveguide, which is immune from optical damage, on thermally Nd-diffused X-cut LiNbO3. Laser emission at a wavelength of 1093 nm was obtained with a threshold as low as 2.9 mW using a laser diode as the pump source.
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Fujimura et al. (1996) studied this question.
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