Two kinds of hemicyanine dyes, 2-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]benzothiazolium propylsulfonate (BTS) and 2-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-3,3-dimethylindolium propylsulfonate (IDS), were synthesized and characterized with respect to their UV−vis, fluorescence, and redox properties. Both dyes show outstanding properties for charge transfer on HCl-treated nanocrystalline TiO 2 films with near 100% incident monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) at the maximum absorption wavelength. This treatment was found to improve short-circuit photocurrent significantly, with increases by 99% and 329% for BTS and IDS, respectively. Overall yields were hence improved remarkably as a result of photocurrent enhancement: BTS increased by 66% from 3.1% to 5.1% and IDS increased by 260% from 1.3% to 4.8%. This phenomenon can be explained by the positive shift of flat band potential for TiO 2 and the increased amount of adsorbed dye molecules upon HCl treatment. The values for IPCE, short-circuit photocurrent, and overall solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency are all among the highest values respectively in the pure organic sensitizers reported so far.
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Wang et al. (2001) studied this question.
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