Energy Dynamics in Chronic Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease & the Cardiorenal Syndrome: A New Causal Paradigm

In this paper we examine HF and CKD through the lens of a new causal paradigm: as a conjoined energy deficiency syndrome whose progression is governed by impaired energy generation by the cardiovascular system leading to subsequent deterioration of blood energy dynamics. Due to the immense complexity of this topic our intention is not to go into unnecessary and laborious detail on specific cellular and molecular aspects of the syndromes but, instead, to use illustrative examples to establish overarching principles and to highlight the connection between the deteriorating energy field and all resultant aberrations. Indeed, once the energy dynamics are recognized cellular and molecular descriptions become superfluous. Our use of the term 'causal' is meant to imply that future breakthroughs in the treatment (and potential reversal) of these complex disease states necessarily entails recognition and correction of underlying energy deficits.