Guidelines to enhance the interpretation of two-dimensional periapical radiographic images in endodontics

Radiology is an indispensable tool in the clinical practice of endodontics because most structures that harbor diseases are invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the use of periapical radiographs before, during, and after root canal treatment is essential in order that anatomical details, canal length, obturation quality, and tooth and bone pathology can be identified and monitored. The purpose of this article is to discuss the guidelines that should be followed to enhance the interpretation of periapical radiographic images in endodontics and to facilitate the identification of root and root morphology, relationship of the teeth to the surrounding anatomical structures and pathological changes in the radicular and peri-radicular areas.