Protective effects of Dapagliflozin on the vulnerability of ventricular arrhythmia in rats with pulmonary artery hypertension induced by monocrotaline

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on percent survival of PAH’s rats (n = 20 per group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group.

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  Figure 2.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on the body weight, blood glucose and blood pressure. The body weight (a), The blood glucose (b), and the blood pressure (c) (n = 8–10 per group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

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  Figure 3.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on the vulnerability of ventricular arrhythmia in PAH’s rats. Representative images of burst pacing (a). Ratio of VA induced by burst pacing (b). Duration of VA in rats (c) (n = 8–10 each group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: NSR, normal sinus rhythm; VA, ventricular arrhythmia.

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  Figure 4.. Effects of Dapagliflozin administration on the electrophysiological properties in PAH’s rats. Representative images of S1S1 stimulation (a). Analysis of APD20 (b), APD50 (c), and APD90 (d). Representative examples of ERP and analysis of ERP (e-f) (n = 8–10 per group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: APD20, action potential duration 20; APD50, action potential duration 50; APD90, action potential duration 90; ERP, effective refractory period.

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  Figure 5.. Effects of Dapagliflozin administration on Ion channel proteins in PAH’s rats. Representative Western blots (a). Quantitative results of the Cav1.2 (b), Kv1.5 (c), Kv2.1 (d), Kv4.2 (e), Kv4.3 (f) (n = 3 per group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group.

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  Figure 6.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on the left pulmonary artery and the left superior pulmonary artery. Representative images of HE, Masson and α-SMA staining (a-b). Quantified results of Masson and α-SMA staining (c-f) (n = 3 per group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: HE, hematoxylin-eosin staining; Mas, Masson staining; α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin; LPA, left pulmonary artery; LSPA, left superior pulmonary artery.

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  Figure 7.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on the left ventricle and right ventricle. Representative results of HE and Masson staining (a). Quantitative results of Mas in right ventricle (b) and left ventricle (c) (n = 3 each group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle.

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  Figure 8.. Effects of Dapagliflozin on the expression of TLR4/P65 signal pathway. Representative Western blots (a). Quantitative results of TLR4 (b), P65 (c), P-p65 (d), p65/P-p65 (e) (n = 3 each group). Data are presented as mean as ±SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL group, #P < 0.05 vs. PAH group. **P < 0.01 vs. CTL group, ##P < 0.01 vs. PAH group. Abbreviations: TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; p65, nuclear factor kappa B; P-p65, P-nuclear factor kappa B.