X-ray observations of supernova remnants and radio pulsars are used to derive luminosities of neutron stars and synchrotron nebulae. Observations of known isolated pulsars are used to develop an empirical relationship between the X-ray luminosity and the rate of loss of rotational energy. This is used to derive the characteristics of pulsars hidden in remnants which show evidence for a central compact object or associated nebular emission, but no clear pulsed signal from the neutron star itself. We discuss possible periods and period derivatives for the hidden pulsars. Some might have periods as long as 0.5 s and period derivatives considerably higher than that of PSR 1509-58, currently the pulsar with the highest known period derivative.
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Seward et al. (1988) studied this question.