The electronic structure of a bi‐layer hole extraction contact consisting of nickel oxide (NiO x ) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) is determined via ultraviolet and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The bi‐layer presents ideal energetics for the extraction of holes and suppression of carrier recombination at the interface. The application of the NiO x /MoO 3 bi‐layer as the anode of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on PCDTBT/PC 71 BM leads to improved device performance, which is explained by an intricate charge transfer process across the interface.
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Schulz et al. (2013) studied this question.
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