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In recent studies the master mode-locking equation, a model for solid-state cavity laser that includes nonlocal terms, bifurcations from stationary to seemingly time-periodic solitary waves have been observed. To decide whether the mechanism is a Hopf bifurcation of a bifurcattion from the essential spectrum, a general framework for the Evans function for equations with nonlocal terms is developed and applied to the master mode-locking model.
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Kapitula et al. (2004) studied this question.
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