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The densification of a Sr, K, Nb (SKN)‐doped PZT ceramic has been modified using different flux chemistries. The most successful flux is Li 2 CO 3 of which a 0.9 mol% addition promotes almost complete densification at 900°C. Structure property relationships in the Li 2 CO 3 flux‐sintered (1− x )PZT– x SKN system (0.01< x <0.05) are compared with conventionally sintered material. Consequences of flux interactions include increased conductivity and a shift in the optimum (1− x )PZT– x SKN composition. The flux sintered PZT–0.03SKN composition exhibits a high field d 33 piezoelectric coefficient of 640 pm/V and a Curie temperature of ∼350°C. The unipolar polarization hysteresis loss is ∼23 kJ/m 3 and varies little with temperature up to 150°C. Finally, we demonstrate successful cofiring of a multilayer structure at 900°C using Li 2 CO 3 ‐fluxed PZT–SKN and pure silver electrodes.
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Donnelly et al. (2008) studied this question.
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