Why the study?
Resistant hypertension is common and poses a risk for adverse cardiovascular and renal events, warranting a review of the most recent evidence regarding its definition, diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
This review summarizes the latest evidence on the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of resistant hypertension, highlighting the role of MRAs, SGLT2 inhibitors, and emerging device therapies.
May inform resistant hypertension management with MRAs and SGLT2 inhibitors; leaves open the role of device therapies.
Resistant hypertension is common and known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events, including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality, as well as adverse renal events, including chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. This review will discuss the definition of resistant hypertension as well as the most recent evidence regarding its diagnosis, evaluation, and management. The issue of medication non-adherence and its association with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension will be addressed. Non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of resistant hypertension will be reviewed. Particular emphasis will be placed on pharmacological interventions, highlighting the role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and device therapy, including renal denervation, baroreceptor activation or modulation, and central arteriovenous fistula creation.
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Bourque et al. (2022) studied this question.
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