Outcome of Children Born to Women Dependent Upon Narcotics

Narcotic addiction in pregnancy, with its attendant high rates of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and infant, presents a challenge for health professionals. Because of the increase in use of methadone as a treatment modality, the effects of this synthetic narcotic on the infant have been studies by a number of investigators, including the author. Factors relevant to birthweight, abstinence syndrome, morbidity, mortality, and behavior have been studied. Evaluation procedures comprise clinical estimates using an abstinence scoring system, the Brazelton Neurobehavioral Scale, objective evaluations of the sucking reflex, psychophysiological studies, psycholsocial studies, and appraisal of pharmacological agents recommended for neonatal absinence. Conclusions reached include: If prgnant drug-dependent women are maintained with low dosages of methadone and are given adequate prenatal care and counseling, complications of pregnancy and childbirth can be minimized. Furthermore, morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, the neonatal period, and in childhood should be substantially reduced.